In most cases, yes, the applicant must meet the IRS definition of a first-time homebuyer (not having owned a primary residence in the last three years).

Most programs have household income thresholds, often based on the Area Median Income (AMI), so people search for the specific limits in their county or city and the program they are qualifying for .

Requirements vary by program and lender, but a minimum score of 620 is a common requirement.

DPA is almost exclusively for primary residences, not investment properties, and homes must often be below a certain purchase price limit.

Many programs require the completion of a certified homebuyer education course to ensure the buyer is prepared for homeownership.

 Because programs are often locally administered, the timeline can vary and sometimes delay the closing process, which is a key concern for buyers and sellers.

Yes, DPA funds can usually be paired with various loan types, which borrowers search for to confirm their options.

Many assistance programs allow funds to be used for both the down payment and closing costs.

 DPA programs are sometimes associated with slightly higher primary mortgage interest rates compared to a standard mortgage where the borrower provides their own 20% down payment.

Common reasons include exceeding income limits, having a credit score below the program's minimum, or not meeting the homebuyer education requirement.

Many programs are income-restricted, but some are available to borrowers with higher incomes, and others target specific professions like teachers, first responders, or veterans, regardless of income.

While many programs target first-time buyers, a significant number are available to repeat buyers as well, with eligibility often linked to income rather than ownership history.